孙子兵法1: 始计篇
始计篇 孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。 故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。道者,令民与上同意也,故可以与天者,阴阳,寒暑,时制也。地者,远近,险易,广狭,死生也。将者,智,信,信,仁,勇,严也。法者,曲制,官道,主校也。凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知者不胜。故校之以计,而索其情,曰:主孰有道?将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知胜负矣。 将听吾计,用之必胜,留之;将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外。势者,因利而制权也。 兵者,诡道也。故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之远,远而示之近;利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,怒而挠之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲而离之。攻其无备,出其不意。此兵家之胜,不可先传也。 夫未战而庙算胜者,得算多也;未战而庙算不胜者,得算少也。多算胜,少算不胜,而况于无算乎?吾以此观之,胜负见矣。
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